The Law And Order And The Trials Of The 17th Century Essay

Astonishingly, the striking differences between today’s law and order and the trials of the 17th century are expansive and extensive. If a judge today were to sentence a defendant to a death sentence based solely on intangible, baseless evidence taken from only unfounded accusations, the world would be in a riot. And yet, this was common practice in the 1600’s, where DNA and fingerprints were not of investigative use yet, and all judges had to go on was he-said-she-said. A jury of supposedly law-upholding, learned citizens found someone as innocent, pure, and warm as Rebecca Nurse to be not only guilty, but sentenced her to hanging for the heinous crimes of witchcraft that she certainly never committed. More importantly, Nurse’s hanging brought serious doubts through some of the judges and began the momentum needed to change and disrupt the way the entire town thought of and treated witch trials and those accused. Rebecca Nurse almost managed to get out of this h orrendous situation with no repercussions, but the judges expressed their opinions thoroughly to the jurors that they should seriously reconsider their innocent verdict. Mainly due to the public’s request and the resumed fits of the girls, the jury did reconsider, and she was sentenced to death by hanging on July 19th, 1662. She even received one last chance to achieved innocence, when the governor of Massachusetts, William Phips, declared a pardon for her, but the girls were outraged and Phips was forced to extractShow MoreRelatedA New World Developed Between The 16th And 18th Century1318 Words   |  6 Pages A new world developed between the 16th and 18th century focused on growing empires establishments of ‘power and profit’. Ogborn argues that through various types of global connections and the rise and fall of global powers, a global history was created. In particular, the exchange of goods and services by Britain and the English colonies was only obtain able through utilizing transportation. As a result, an advantageous Atlantic economy was formed . Britain applied transportation as a method ofRead More17th century women experiences Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesThough women were subordinates by both the eye of the church and the government, women found ways to express authority both intentionally and unintentionally. Women began to act independently in patriarchal society. In 17th century Euro-America Puritan society believed that men played a patriarchal role upon women, and that this role was instituted by God and nature. The seniority of men over women lay within both the household and the public sphere. The household, immediate family living in theRead MoreAnne Hutchinson: An Activist for Equal Rights and a Pioneer of Suffrage1294 Words   |  6 Pagesheld on the idea that their lives have been planned out by God from birth and any disruption to that plan should be eradicated. During the 17th century, witch hunts occurre d due in part to Puritan’s stringent religious way of life. The controversy between John Winthrop and Anne Hutchinson rose up out of sexism, pose of threat and flawed theory in the form of a trial against Hutchinson. Winthrop and Hutchinson’s personalities clashed immediately. They were neighbors in Boston and disliked each otherRead MoreEuropean Witch Hunt Essay897 Words   |  4 Pageshunts spanning from 1450 to 1750 is demonstrative of the socioeconomic, religious, and cultural changes that were occurring within a population that was unprepared for the reconstruction of society. 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The Trial of Tempel Anneke: Records of Witchcraft Trial in Brunswick, Germany, 1663 gives its readers an inside perspective of the many different attitudes that existed towards witchcraft at the time. Because 17th century Brunswick townspeopleRead More Comparison Between The Crucible by Arthur Miller and Vinegar Tom by C. Churchill627 Words   |  3 PagesMassachusetts USA in 1692. Vinegar Tom was written in the 1970s and was set in the 17th century. Although Vinegar Tom was written about the 17th century, the ideas parallel those of the issues of the 1970s. The issue was feminism. Although women were beginning to work the same jobs as men, their wages were drastically different, with men being paid a lot more for the same job. More women started to go to university in order to gain the qualifications that would enable them to do the jobs that men Read MoreCreationism vs. Evolution Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesSince the Age of the Enlightenment, the institution of religion has had to contend with the opposition of science regarding the issues of the origins of the world and of the human species. Up until around the end of the 17th century, the church was the authority on how the world and everything in it had come to be. However, with the great intellectual revolution came thinkers such as Galileo, Copernicus, Bacon, Descartes, and many others who challenged the biblical assumptions with empiricallyRead MoreWitchcraft in the 16th Century Essay2032 Words   |  9 PagesThe origins of 16th century witchcraft were changing social, economic and religious conditions in Europe and America. The desire to find a scapegoat for the change resulted in a genocide known as the Burning Times that lasted more than a century. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Witches were accused of cas ting spells on unfortunate victims and were often sentenced to death by hanging, drowning or by being burned to death. History of The persecution of people practicing witchcraft in the 16th century began in England in 1589

Essay on Alcoholics Anonymous 12-Step Program - 2169 Words

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is the largest and most commonly known self-help group in the world. Since the creation of AA in 1935, there have been many programs modeled after it, which are also based on the 12-Step Program. Some of these include Narcotics Anonymous (NA) and Chemically Dependent Anonymous, as well as programs for specific drugs, such as Cocaine Anonymous (CA) and Crystal Meth Anonymous (NIDA, 2012). Attendance and participation for self-help groups are open for anyone to attend and free of cost for all members, with meetings typically held in locations such as churches and public buildings. â€Å"Metropolitan areas usually have specialized groups, based on such member characteristics as gender, length of time in recovery,†¦show more content†¦When an individual believes, and expects, to have positive effects from a certain drug (e.g., drinking alcohol to reduce stress and anxiety), the likelihood that the individual will abuse the drug is extremely high. Sociocultural factors also play a vital role in how frequently a substance is used, with family and friends being the most influential. A broken family home (e.g., marital problems, parent/sibling alcohol or drug use, and legal or psychiatric problems) can have a tremendous negative effect on a child and the decisions they make. A lack of emotional support from parents is found to increase drug use, whereas the lack of parental monitoring if often associated with higher drug use (Kring, 2014). The idea of being â€Å"popular† and having a ton of friends seems to be a common goal for the majority of adolescents and young adults. Social influence is explained by the fact that having peers who drink, influences drinking behavior; however, it is also known that individuals will choose friends with drinking patterns similar to their own. While growing up, most of us have always been told to choose our friends wisely; however, they neglected to tell us how difficult this can b e. The 12-Step program addresses the factors or causes that are responsible for, or related to, substance abuse by helping individuals to understand the concept of change. â€Å"Processes of change are the covert and overt activities that people engage in to alter affect, thinking,Show MoreRelatedThe 12 Step Program Alcoholics Anonymous3302 Words   |  14 Pages The 12 step program Alcoholics Anonymous (AA )was born in 1934. Prohibition had been repealed and a man named Bill Watson drunkenly found his way to Manhattan Hospital. Bill was known to knock back quite a bit of whiskey every day and couldn t seem to be able to quit. While he was at Manhattan Hospital he was given a new and considered experimental treatment for addiction of belladonna, which is a hallucinogen. Bill in his induced state yelled to God to help free him of alcohol. He reportedRead MoreThe 12 Step Program Alcoholics Anonymous3299 Words   |  14 Pages The 12 step program Alcoholics Anonymous (AA )wa s born in 1934. Prohibition had been repealed and a man named Bill Watson drunkenly found his way to Manhattan Hospital. Bill was known to knock back quite a bit of whiskey every day and couldn t seem to be able to quit. While he was in Manhattan Hospital he was given a new and considered experimental treatment for addiction of belladonna, which is a hallucinogen. Bill in his induced state, yelled to God to help free him of alcohol. He reportedRead MoreThe Alcoholics Anonymous 12 Step Recovery Program Guide Alcoholics1611 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: 12-Step Meeting Reaction Paper 12-Step Meeting Reaction Paper Carissa Hardy ADRE 6703 Abstract The Alcoholics Anonymous 12-Step recovery program guides alcoholics through a series of behavioral, emotional, cognitive, spiritual and social actions towards sobriety and wellness. 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This treatment will be evaluated through the review of empirical research and an interview with Dr. Don MacDonald, a professor of Marriage and Family Therapy at Seattle PacificRead MoreAlcoholics Anonymous: the 12-Step Treatment780 Words   |  4 PagesAlcoholics Anonymous: The 12-Step Treatment Alcoholics Anonymous: The 12-Step Treatment The 12-step program used by Alcoholics Anonymous is a well-known treatment method that’s used for many types of addiction, not just alcohol. Alcoholics are encouraged to â€Å"work† the 12-steps. The first step involves admitting the powerlessness over alcohol. The second step has the alcoholic believe that there is some type of a greater power working that will help aide the alcoholic to reach sobriety, asRead MoreHistory Of Organization : Alcoholics Anonymous ( A.a )1691 Words   |  7 PagesOrganization Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) was founded in 1935 by Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith in Akron, Ohio, and is a spiritual based organization with the sole purpose â€Å"to stay sober and help other alcoholics achieve sobriety† threw fellowship. Alcoholic Anonymous (A.A.) foundation is built on a 12 step program that involves taking 12 step that will guarantee your sobriety (according to A.A.) because you start the 12 steps but you never end, it is designed for you to consistently work the 12 steps for theRead MoreA 12-Step Meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous: A Reaction Paper841 Words   |  3 Pages12-Step Meeting Reaction Paper Objective The objective of this study is to write a reaction on a 12-step meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous with the focus of the meeting being attitude modification. The meeting attended was the Stairway Group meeting in Decatur, Alabama. The members who attended this group meeting were of all ages, of both the female and male gender and were white, black, and Hispanic individuals. The majority of the attendees were males. First Speaker The first speaker at theRead MoreAlcoholics Anonymous : A Anonymous865 Words   |  4 PagesAttending an Alcoholic Anonymous Meeting Alcoholics Anonymous was founded in the basis that alcoholism cannot be healed medically, but spiritually. Alcoholics Anonymous was founded in 1939 by Bill Wilson, and Dr. Robert Smith (B’s, n.d.). The main goal of Alcoholics Anonymous is recovery from alcoholism, and to fully abstain from consuming alcohol. Several non-stated goals are staying out of jail, fixing a financial situation, or becoming happier (Trizio, 2006). After attending in a meeting forRead MoreAlcohol Abuse Is The Most Common Addictive Behavior1295 Words   |  6 PagesMany have tried to guest and speculate that alcohol abuse is due to many factors that include genetics, social, mental and emotional, and even how people around you raised you. Many also have speculated that people that we associates with that are alcoholics can be a factor also. It can be family and friends, schoolmates, and colleagues. Some also say that it can be due to emotional and psychological disorders such as depression, bipolar , or anxiety are factors of someone to drive to drinking to forgetRead MoreA Study On Alcoholics Anonymous Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesAlcoholics Anonymous has held an almost sacred spot in our society as the way for addicts to get sober through spiritual means, with many people having anecdotal stories and experiences corroborating this belief. To full examine the ethicality of AA, an in depth look at AA is required. A study of its history, a description of the program, the success rates and commonly held harmful beliefs of AA, alternatives to AA, and finally an analysis using Rawl’s Theory of Justice are all required in order

Franz Kafka’s Metamorphosis From Dependence to Independence Essay Sample free essay sample

As worlds. we are dependent animals. We are dependent on things like our environment. our fiscal state of affairs. and our societal position. In short. we are dependent on one degree or another. Therefore. when our milieus alteration. in our dependence. we must alter every bit good. We are forced to germinate and to accommodate to our new milieus. We must larn to populate with our new conditions. In Franz Kafka’s Metamorphosis. the transmutation of Gregor Samsa leads to the transmutation of the remainder of his household. They are dependent upon Gregor and when he changes. they are forced to alter every bit good. There was ever an antithetical relationship between Gregor and the remainder of his household. Therefore there are two metabolisms in Kafka’s narrative: when Gregor functioned as a human. the remainder of the household is dysfunctional ; when Gregor. due to his metabolism. became progressively dysfunctional. the remainder of the household began to map and flour ish. Almost instantly after Gregor’s transmutation we begin to observe his dysfunctional behaviour. He wakes up an insect and alternatively of concentrating on the job that being an insect nowadayss. he is worried about acquiring out of bed and traveling to work. â€Å"No affair how hard he threw himself onto his right side. he ever rolled onto his dorsum once more. He must hold tried it a 100 times. shuting his eyes so that he would non hold to see the writhing legs. and gave up merely when he began to experience a visible radiation. dull hurting in his side which he had neer felt before. â€Å"O God. † he thought. â€Å"what a demanding occupation I’ve chosen! † This shows the reader instantly that there is something really incorrect with Gregor. Sing his current status of being an insect. it is hard to understand how his day-to-day duties could be the first thing on his head. This is the first measure towards his dysfunctional province. However. anterior to his transmutation. Gregor is really functional. interim. his household is non. Possibly this is because Gregor’s ability to work depends on his ability to work. Before he transforms. being in full capableness to work. his efficiency is at its best. His family’s quandary of paying off debts motivates him to work hard to convey money place and to fulfill his household. â€Å"And so he had set to work with unusual ardour and about nightlong had become a going salesman alternatively of a small clerk. with of class much greater opportunities of gaining money. and his success was instantly transformed into difficult hard currency which he could put on the tabular array before his astonied and happy household. † Gregor’s ability to keep his household gives him control over them. therefore doing him the merely 1 serviceable. while they are forced to depend on him: â€Å"†¦although subsequently on Gregor had earned so much money that he w as able to run into the disbursals of the whole family and did so†¦the money was appreciatively accepted and lief given†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Gregor’s map is dependent on their dependance. Yet. what truly makes Gregor purposeful is his family’s disfunction. While his household is incapable of keeping themselves and while they are reliant on his income. Gregor can maintain his place of control over the household issues and maintain his ability to map he improves where they deteriorate and he strengthens where they weaken. â€Å"†¦he [ Gregor’s male parent ] had done no work for the past five old ages and could non be expected to exercise himself ; during these five old ages. the first old ages of leisure in his arduous though unsuccessful life. he had put on a batch of weight and go sulky. And Gregor’s old female parent. how was she to gain a life with her asthma. which troubled her even when she walked through the flat and kept her prevarication on a couch every other twenty-four hours puffing for breath beside an unfastened window? And was his sister to gain her staff of life. she who was still a kid of seventeen†¦ ? † It is Grego r’s yearss as a commercial salesman that are his yearss of intent. Once Gregor transforms he is unable to work. therefore unable to run into his family’s demands. As a consequence. he loses his family’s dependence. Everything that one time made Gregor functional is lost. His household. in effect. is forced to alter and go independent from him. In Gregor’s disfunction is born his family’s map. No longer the beginning of his family’s income. he can non be in control. The household begins to accommodate to their new fortunes and begins to work without him. This is seen when Gregor’s father begins to demo his stairss of traveling frontward. â€Å"†¦Gregor’s male parent explained the family’s fiscal place and chances to both his female parent and his sister†¦his male parent tended to reiterate himself in his explanations†¦because it was a long clip since he had dealt with such matters†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This shows the waking up of Gregor’s family’s productivity. While Gregor was the beginning of trust for the household. they were excessively dysfunctional to look after themselves and excessively dysfunctional to look for other fiscal solutions. Now. without Gregor. they are obligated to se ek out any signifier of economic assistance or endorse up. They begin to recognize that even with the capital leftovers from the father’s concern failure they must still work to gain money for their day-to-day demands. The alterations that occur in Gregor’s household begins to convey them up. while he is pulled down in his insect signifier. â€Å"†¦Gregor realized that the deficiency of all direct human communicating for the past two months together with the humdrum of household life must hold confused his mind†¦He had so been near to the threshold of forgetfulness†¦Ã¢â‚¬  His impairment of human qualities. such as memory. marks the important spiral of disfunction that he starts traveling through. On the other manus. his household builds a way of productiveness which leads them to going efficient. The most noteworthy alterations are seen in Gregor’s male parent. the 1 who was most dysfunctional prior to Gregor’s metabolism. â€Å"Now he was standing at that place straight as a stick. dressed in a smart blue uniform with gilded buttons. such as bank attenders wear ; his strong dual mentum bulged over the stiff high neckband of his jacket ; from under his bushy eyebrows his black eyes darted fresh and acute glimpses ; his once tangled white hair had been combed level on either side of a pol ishing and carefully exact parting†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The lazy. freeloading male parent. who spent his yearss lying on the couch. now works in a normality that was neer seen during Gregor’s yearss of map. Now it is Gregor who is dependent on his household. Gregor’s dependence is seen when his male parent onslaughts him by throwing apples at him. After holding landed an apple into Gregor’s back. which so sinks in. he’s left with the harm. â€Å"The serious hurt done to Gregor. which disabled him for more than a month – the apple remained stuck in his organic structure as a seeable reminder. since no 1 dared to take it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Since no 1 is willing to take out the apple from his dorsum. he must stay with the hurt. Like so many other things. such as nutrient. infinite. and acknowledgement. Gregor is dependent on them for basic necessities. This adds to his disfunction. His household. nevertheless. begins to boom with his impairment and his weakening. â€Å"†¦his mother†¦stitched at all right run uping for an under ware house ; his sister†¦had taken a occupation as a gross revenues girl†¦learning stenography and French†¦on the o pportunity of breaking herself. † In their procedure of going functional they begin to put Gregor aside more and more: â€Å"Who could happen clip in this overworked and tired-out household to trouble oneself about Gregor more than was perfectly necessary? † Gregor grows weaker during the procedure of his family’s reformation. He becomes frail. â€Å"eating barely anything. Merely when he happened to the nutrient laid out for him did he take a spot of something in his oral cavity as a pastime†¦usually spat out once more. † Even in his dysfunctional province. Gregor dreams of traveling to work once more and taking charge: â€Å"He was frequently haunted by the thought that the following clip the door opened he would take the family’s personal businesss in manus once more merely as he used to do†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Finally. when does Gregor dice. we see that his family’s development of map is complete. In fact. Gregor’s household grows more practical than Gregor of all time was merely because they are no longer dependent on anything. Unlike Gregor’s paranoiac behaviour of holding to travel to work. Gregor’s household is functional plenty to inquire for yearss off to travel out to the state. â€Å"They decided to pass this twenty-four hours in resting and traveling f or a amble ; they had non merely deserved such a reprieve from work. but perfectly needed it. And so they sat down at the tabular array and wrote three notes of alibi. Mr. Samsa to his board of direction. Mrs. Samsa to her employer. and Grete to the caput of her house. † The Samsa household is more functional than Gregor of all time was because they do non depend on anything besides themselves to be productive and to acquire what they want. Gregor’s disfunction is no longer needed to actuate them to be efficient. They are now reliant merely upon themselves. Gregor’s metabolism becomes his family’s metabolism. Ultimately. what is seen in Kafka’s Metamorphosis is the opposing relationship between Gregor and his household. When Gregor maps as a homo. his household does non. When Gregor can non finish his responsibilities. his household becomes functional as worlds. However. the most interesting relationship in this narrative is how dependence plays a function in both Gregor and his family’s ability to map. Gregor is ever dependent on his household one manner or another and that is why his household is able to excel his ability to map. When Gregor maps at his best. he is dependent on his family’s disfunction in order to be in control of the household affairs. When Gregor becomes dysfunctional. he remains dependent on them but for his ain endurance. When his household is dysfunctional. they are dependent on him for income. But when Gregor’s household becomes functional. they are merely dependent on a dysfunctional Gregor to force them to go farther functional. After Gregor dies. his household is practical plenty to non depend on Gregor at all in any sense. They are independent and to the full efficient. In contrast. Gregor was ever in demand of his household and was neer able to work wholly as a human. Gregor’s metabolism is dysfunctional dependance. His family’s metabolism is functional independency. Gregor’s metabolism was his transmutation and his transmutation was his family’s metabolism.

Roper V. Simmons free essay sample

As a result of the U. S Supreme Court’s controversial 5-4 decision, the Juvenile Justice system is now vulnerable to a systematic shift towards the rehabilitative role established at its inception. Introduction- Christopher Simmons is a cold blooded murder who was sentenced to death after the murder of Miss whoever. Sentenced to death 17 years old Series of appeals until 2002 Atkins v. Virginia Overturned Stanford v. Kentucky Part 1- The first juvenile court was established in Cook County, Illinois in 1898. Initial goal was rehabilitation of juveniles, not punishment. Change to a more punitive structure in response due a increase in juvenile crime during the 1970s and 1980s. Supreme Court decided juveniles had basic due process rights in Gault case. Established balancing act between rehabilitation and protection of the Health Safety and Welfare of society. Part 2-In deciding the execution of a juvenile is inconsistent with the 8th amendment, the U. S Supreme court uses unconventional and highly contested reasoning. We will write a custom essay sample on Roper V. Simmons or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The two pronged approach to 8th amendment cases Original intent of bill of rights Evolving moral standards of society National Conesus standard International law Part 3- Although the evolving moral standards of society could have changed to view the imposition of the death penalty on a minor as cruel and unusual punishment, the reasoning behind overturning Stanford v. Kentucky is highly contested. Scillia and Reihnquist’s dissenting. Posner’s view Scillia’s and Reinquist’s dissenting opinions acknowledge and foreshadow the severe consequences of the Court’s decision. Jury’s not capable of determining juvenile’s culpability Cited to rule life without parole for juveniles unconstitutional Calls into question about trying juveniles as adults for any crime Conclusion- Despite the use of a questionable criteria, the U. S Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional to sentence a minor to death. Impact on future 8th amendment cases as well.