Friday, December 27, 2019

The Law And Order And The Trials Of The 17th Century Essay

Astonishingly, the striking differences between today’s law and order and the trials of the 17th century are expansive and extensive. If a judge today were to sentence a defendant to a death sentence based solely on intangible, baseless evidence taken from only unfounded accusations, the world would be in a riot. And yet, this was common practice in the 1600’s, where DNA and fingerprints were not of investigative use yet, and all judges had to go on was he-said-she-said. A jury of supposedly law-upholding, learned citizens found someone as innocent, pure, and warm as Rebecca Nurse to be not only guilty, but sentenced her to hanging for the heinous crimes of witchcraft that she certainly never committed. More importantly, Nurse’s hanging brought serious doubts through some of the judges and began the momentum needed to change and disrupt the way the entire town thought of and treated witch trials and those accused. Rebecca Nurse almost managed to get out of this h orrendous situation with no repercussions, but the judges expressed their opinions thoroughly to the jurors that they should seriously reconsider their innocent verdict. Mainly due to the public’s request and the resumed fits of the girls, the jury did reconsider, and she was sentenced to death by hanging on July 19th, 1662. She even received one last chance to achieved innocence, when the governor of Massachusetts, William Phips, declared a pardon for her, but the girls were outraged and Phips was forced to extractShow MoreRelatedA New World Developed Between The 16th And 18th Century1318 Words   |  6 Pages A new world developed between the 16th and 18th century focused on growing empires establishments of ‘power and profit’. Ogborn argues that through various types of global connections and the rise and fall of global powers, a global history was created. In particular, the exchange of goods and services by Britain and the English colonies was only obtain able through utilizing transportation. As a result, an advantageous Atlantic economy was formed . Britain applied transportation as a method ofRead More17th century women experiences Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesThough women were subordinates by both the eye of the church and the government, women found ways to express authority both intentionally and unintentionally. Women began to act independently in patriarchal society. In 17th century Euro-America Puritan society believed that men played a patriarchal role upon women, and that this role was instituted by God and nature. The seniority of men over women lay within both the household and the public sphere. The household, immediate family living in theRead MoreAnne Hutchinson: An Activist for Equal Rights and a Pioneer of Suffrage1294 Words   |  6 Pagesheld on the idea that their lives have been planned out by God from birth and any disruption to that plan should be eradicated. During the 17th century, witch hunts occurre d due in part to Puritan’s stringent religious way of life. The controversy between John Winthrop and Anne Hutchinson rose up out of sexism, pose of threat and flawed theory in the form of a trial against Hutchinson. Winthrop and Hutchinson’s personalities clashed immediately. They were neighbors in Boston and disliked each otherRead MoreEuropean Witch Hunt Essay897 Words   |  4 Pageshunts spanning from 1450 to 1750 is demonstrative of the socioeconomic, religious, and cultural changes that were occurring within a population that was unprepared for the reconstruction of society. Though numerous conclusions concerning the witch trials, why they occurred, and who was prosecuted have been founded within agreement there remains interpretations that expand on the central beliefs. Through examining multiple arguments a greater understanding of this period can be observed as there remainsRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Magna Carta994 Words   |  4 Pagestaxing the people as often as he pleased, and required him to get a consent before doing so. It also made the law applicable to everyone including the king, and took away the king s power to be the judge on any trials. From the 13th to early 17th century, the English had established a form of government that combined the power of the people to that of the monarch. However, by early 17th century, after the death of queen Elizabeth I, a new scottish king was appointed to rule over England. King CharlesRead More Witch Trial Phenomena Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagesuntil the practice of magic became a religious warfare between God and his enemy the devil did community concerns about the practice of magic evolve into the desperate, sadistic trials that occurred in the 16th and 17th centuries, and the idea that witchcraft was a reality rather than a myth suddenly made a comeback. Trials of individual witches in early modern Europe always began with specific accusations brought against a supposed witch by one or more of her neighbours. When the printing pressRead MoreThe Trial Of Tempel Anneke : Records Of Witchcraft Trials1621 Words   |  7 Pagesto multiple laws being passed in regards to witchcraft. Torture was allowed and women and children were called to testify in the court room. Individuals who were seen to be outcasts on the outer edge of society were immediately targeted and easily suspected of sorcery. The Trial of Tempel Anneke: Records of Witchcraft Trial in Brunswick, Germany, 1663 gives its readers an inside perspective of the many different attitudes that existed towards witchcraft at the time. Because 17th century Brunswick townspeopleRead More Comparison Between The Crucible by Arthur Miller and Vinegar Tom by C. Churchill627 Words   |  3 PagesMassachusetts USA in 1692. Vinegar Tom was written in the 1970s and was set in the 17th century. Although Vinegar Tom was written about the 17th century, the ideas parallel those of the issues of the 1970s. The issue was feminism. Although women were beginning to work the same jobs as men, their wages were drastically different, with men being paid a lot more for the same job. More women started to go to university in order to gain the qualifications that would enable them to do the jobs that men Read MoreCreationism vs. Evolution Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesSince the Age of the Enlightenment, the institution of religion has had to contend with the opposition of science regarding the issues of the origins of the world and of the human species. Up until around the end of the 17th century, the church was the authority on how the world and everything in it had come to be. However, with the great intellectual revolution came thinkers such as Galileo, Copernicus, Bacon, Descartes, and many others who challenged the biblical assumptions with empiricallyRead MoreWitchcraft in the 16th Century Essay2032 Words   |  9 PagesThe origins of 16th century witchcraft were changing social, economic and religious conditions in Europe and America. The desire to find a scapegoat for the change resulted in a genocide known as the Burning Times that lasted more than a century. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Witches were accused of cas ting spells on unfortunate victims and were often sentenced to death by hanging, drowning or by being burned to death. History of The persecution of people practicing witchcraft in the 16th century began in England in 1589

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Essay on Alcoholics Anonymous 12-Step Program - 2169 Words

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is the largest and most commonly known self-help group in the world. Since the creation of AA in 1935, there have been many programs modeled after it, which are also based on the 12-Step Program. Some of these include Narcotics Anonymous (NA) and Chemically Dependent Anonymous, as well as programs for specific drugs, such as Cocaine Anonymous (CA) and Crystal Meth Anonymous (NIDA, 2012). Attendance and participation for self-help groups are open for anyone to attend and free of cost for all members, with meetings typically held in locations such as churches and public buildings. â€Å"Metropolitan areas usually have specialized groups, based on such member characteristics as gender, length of time in recovery,†¦show more content†¦When an individual believes, and expects, to have positive effects from a certain drug (e.g., drinking alcohol to reduce stress and anxiety), the likelihood that the individual will abuse the drug is extremely high. Sociocultural factors also play a vital role in how frequently a substance is used, with family and friends being the most influential. A broken family home (e.g., marital problems, parent/sibling alcohol or drug use, and legal or psychiatric problems) can have a tremendous negative effect on a child and the decisions they make. A lack of emotional support from parents is found to increase drug use, whereas the lack of parental monitoring if often associated with higher drug use (Kring, 2014). The idea of being â€Å"popular† and having a ton of friends seems to be a common goal for the majority of adolescents and young adults. Social influence is explained by the fact that having peers who drink, influences drinking behavior; however, it is also known that individuals will choose friends with drinking patterns similar to their own. While growing up, most of us have always been told to choose our friends wisely; however, they neglected to tell us how difficult this can b e. The 12-Step program addresses the factors or causes that are responsible for, or related to, substance abuse by helping individuals to understand the concept of change. â€Å"Processes of change are the covert and overt activities that people engage in to alter affect, thinking,Show MoreRelatedThe 12 Step Program Alcoholics Anonymous3302 Words   |  14 Pages The 12 step program Alcoholics Anonymous (AA )was born in 1934. Prohibition had been repealed and a man named Bill Watson drunkenly found his way to Manhattan Hospital. Bill was known to knock back quite a bit of whiskey every day and couldn t seem to be able to quit. While he was at Manhattan Hospital he was given a new and considered experimental treatment for addiction of belladonna, which is a hallucinogen. Bill in his induced state yelled to God to help free him of alcohol. He reportedRead MoreThe 12 Step Program Alcoholics Anonymous3299 Words   |  14 Pages The 12 step program Alcoholics Anonymous (AA )wa s born in 1934. Prohibition had been repealed and a man named Bill Watson drunkenly found his way to Manhattan Hospital. Bill was known to knock back quite a bit of whiskey every day and couldn t seem to be able to quit. While he was in Manhattan Hospital he was given a new and considered experimental treatment for addiction of belladonna, which is a hallucinogen. Bill in his induced state, yelled to God to help free him of alcohol. He reportedRead MoreThe Alcoholics Anonymous 12 Step Recovery Program Guide Alcoholics1611 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: 12-Step Meeting Reaction Paper 12-Step Meeting Reaction Paper Carissa Hardy ADRE 6703 Abstract The Alcoholics Anonymous 12-Step recovery program guides alcoholics through a series of behavioral, emotional, cognitive, spiritual and social actions towards sobriety and wellness. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, excessive drinking has lead to approximately 88,000 deaths in the United States each year and accounts for 1 in 10 deaths in working ageRead MoreChildhood Alcoholism And The Effect Of The 12 Step Program For Alcoholics Anonymous As A Form Of Treatment1147 Words   |  5 Pagesable to access and get a hold of alcohol more easily than they can other drugs – such as marijuana, heroin, cocaine, etc. The topic and focus of this paper is to explore specifically adolescent alcoholism and the effects of the 12-Step Program used in Alcoholics Anonymous as a form of treatment to overcome this addiction. This treatment will be evaluated through the review of empirical research and an interview with Dr. Don MacDonald, a professor of Marriage and Family Therapy at Seattle PacificRead MoreAlcoholics Anonymous: the 12-Step Treatment780 Words   |  4 PagesAlcoholics Anonymous: The 12-Step Treatment Alcoholics Anonymous: The 12-Step Treatment The 12-step program used by Alcoholics Anonymous is a well-known treatment method that’s used for many types of addiction, not just alcohol. Alcoholics are encouraged to â€Å"work† the 12-steps. The first step involves admitting the powerlessness over alcohol. The second step has the alcoholic believe that there is some type of a greater power working that will help aide the alcoholic to reach sobriety, asRead MoreHistory Of Organization : Alcoholics Anonymous ( A.a )1691 Words   |  7 PagesOrganization Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) was founded in 1935 by Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith in Akron, Ohio, and is a spiritual based organization with the sole purpose â€Å"to stay sober and help other alcoholics achieve sobriety† threw fellowship. Alcoholic Anonymous (A.A.) foundation is built on a 12 step program that involves taking 12 step that will guarantee your sobriety (according to A.A.) because you start the 12 steps but you never end, it is designed for you to consistently work the 12 steps for theRead MoreA 12-Step Meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous: A Reaction Paper841 Words   |  3 Pages12-Step Meeting Reaction Paper Objective The objective of this study is to write a reaction on a 12-step meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous with the focus of the meeting being attitude modification. The meeting attended was the Stairway Group meeting in Decatur, Alabama. The members who attended this group meeting were of all ages, of both the female and male gender and were white, black, and Hispanic individuals. The majority of the attendees were males. First Speaker The first speaker at theRead MoreAlcoholics Anonymous : A Anonymous865 Words   |  4 PagesAttending an Alcoholic Anonymous Meeting Alcoholics Anonymous was founded in the basis that alcoholism cannot be healed medically, but spiritually. Alcoholics Anonymous was founded in 1939 by Bill Wilson, and Dr. Robert Smith (B’s, n.d.). The main goal of Alcoholics Anonymous is recovery from alcoholism, and to fully abstain from consuming alcohol. Several non-stated goals are staying out of jail, fixing a financial situation, or becoming happier (Trizio, 2006). After attending in a meeting forRead MoreAlcohol Abuse Is The Most Common Addictive Behavior1295 Words   |  6 PagesMany have tried to guest and speculate that alcohol abuse is due to many factors that include genetics, social, mental and emotional, and even how people around you raised you. Many also have speculated that people that we associates with that are alcoholics can be a factor also. It can be family and friends, schoolmates, and colleagues. Some also say that it can be due to emotional and psychological disorders such as depression, bipolar , or anxiety are factors of someone to drive to drinking to forgetRead MoreA Study On Alcoholics Anonymous Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesAlcoholics Anonymous has held an almost sacred spot in our society as the way for addicts to get sober through spiritual means, with many people having anecdotal stories and experiences corroborating this belief. To full examine the ethicality of AA, an in depth look at AA is required. A study of its history, a description of the program, the success rates and commonly held harmful beliefs of AA, alternatives to AA, and finally an analysis using Rawl’s Theory of Justice are all required in order

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Franz Kafka’s Metamorphosis From Dependence to Independence Essay Sample free essay sample

As worlds. we are dependent animals. We are dependent on things like our environment. our fiscal state of affairs. and our societal position. In short. we are dependent on one degree or another. Therefore. when our milieus alteration. in our dependence. we must alter every bit good. We are forced to germinate and to accommodate to our new milieus. We must larn to populate with our new conditions. In Franz Kafka’s Metamorphosis. the transmutation of Gregor Samsa leads to the transmutation of the remainder of his household. They are dependent upon Gregor and when he changes. they are forced to alter every bit good. There was ever an antithetical relationship between Gregor and the remainder of his household. Therefore there are two metabolisms in Kafka’s narrative: when Gregor functioned as a human. the remainder of the household is dysfunctional ; when Gregor. due to his metabolism. became progressively dysfunctional. the remainder of the household began to map and flour ish. Almost instantly after Gregor’s transmutation we begin to observe his dysfunctional behaviour. He wakes up an insect and alternatively of concentrating on the job that being an insect nowadayss. he is worried about acquiring out of bed and traveling to work. â€Å"No affair how hard he threw himself onto his right side. he ever rolled onto his dorsum once more. He must hold tried it a 100 times. shuting his eyes so that he would non hold to see the writhing legs. and gave up merely when he began to experience a visible radiation. dull hurting in his side which he had neer felt before. â€Å"O God. † he thought. â€Å"what a demanding occupation I’ve chosen! † This shows the reader instantly that there is something really incorrect with Gregor. Sing his current status of being an insect. it is hard to understand how his day-to-day duties could be the first thing on his head. This is the first measure towards his dysfunctional province. However. anterior to his transmutation. Gregor is really functional. interim. his household is non. Possibly this is because Gregor’s ability to work depends on his ability to work. Before he transforms. being in full capableness to work. his efficiency is at its best. His family’s quandary of paying off debts motivates him to work hard to convey money place and to fulfill his household. â€Å"And so he had set to work with unusual ardour and about nightlong had become a going salesman alternatively of a small clerk. with of class much greater opportunities of gaining money. and his success was instantly transformed into difficult hard currency which he could put on the tabular array before his astonied and happy household. † Gregor’s ability to keep his household gives him control over them. therefore doing him the merely 1 serviceable. while they are forced to depend on him: â€Å"†¦although subsequently on Gregor had earned so much money that he w as able to run into the disbursals of the whole family and did so†¦the money was appreciatively accepted and lief given†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Gregor’s map is dependent on their dependance. Yet. what truly makes Gregor purposeful is his family’s disfunction. While his household is incapable of keeping themselves and while they are reliant on his income. Gregor can maintain his place of control over the household issues and maintain his ability to map he improves where they deteriorate and he strengthens where they weaken. â€Å"†¦he [ Gregor’s male parent ] had done no work for the past five old ages and could non be expected to exercise himself ; during these five old ages. the first old ages of leisure in his arduous though unsuccessful life. he had put on a batch of weight and go sulky. And Gregor’s old female parent. how was she to gain a life with her asthma. which troubled her even when she walked through the flat and kept her prevarication on a couch every other twenty-four hours puffing for breath beside an unfastened window? And was his sister to gain her staff of life. she who was still a kid of seventeen†¦ ? † It is Grego r’s yearss as a commercial salesman that are his yearss of intent. Once Gregor transforms he is unable to work. therefore unable to run into his family’s demands. As a consequence. he loses his family’s dependence. Everything that one time made Gregor functional is lost. His household. in effect. is forced to alter and go independent from him. In Gregor’s disfunction is born his family’s map. No longer the beginning of his family’s income. he can non be in control. The household begins to accommodate to their new fortunes and begins to work without him. This is seen when Gregor’s father begins to demo his stairss of traveling frontward. â€Å"†¦Gregor’s male parent explained the family’s fiscal place and chances to both his female parent and his sister†¦his male parent tended to reiterate himself in his explanations†¦because it was a long clip since he had dealt with such matters†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This shows the waking up of Gregor’s family’s productivity. While Gregor was the beginning of trust for the household. they were excessively dysfunctional to look after themselves and excessively dysfunctional to look for other fiscal solutions. Now. without Gregor. they are obligated to se ek out any signifier of economic assistance or endorse up. They begin to recognize that even with the capital leftovers from the father’s concern failure they must still work to gain money for their day-to-day demands. The alterations that occur in Gregor’s household begins to convey them up. while he is pulled down in his insect signifier. â€Å"†¦Gregor realized that the deficiency of all direct human communicating for the past two months together with the humdrum of household life must hold confused his mind†¦He had so been near to the threshold of forgetfulness†¦Ã¢â‚¬  His impairment of human qualities. such as memory. marks the important spiral of disfunction that he starts traveling through. On the other manus. his household builds a way of productiveness which leads them to going efficient. The most noteworthy alterations are seen in Gregor’s male parent. the 1 who was most dysfunctional prior to Gregor’s metabolism. â€Å"Now he was standing at that place straight as a stick. dressed in a smart blue uniform with gilded buttons. such as bank attenders wear ; his strong dual mentum bulged over the stiff high neckband of his jacket ; from under his bushy eyebrows his black eyes darted fresh and acute glimpses ; his once tangled white hair had been combed level on either side of a pol ishing and carefully exact parting†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The lazy. freeloading male parent. who spent his yearss lying on the couch. now works in a normality that was neer seen during Gregor’s yearss of map. Now it is Gregor who is dependent on his household. Gregor’s dependence is seen when his male parent onslaughts him by throwing apples at him. After holding landed an apple into Gregor’s back. which so sinks in. he’s left with the harm. â€Å"The serious hurt done to Gregor. which disabled him for more than a month – the apple remained stuck in his organic structure as a seeable reminder. since no 1 dared to take it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Since no 1 is willing to take out the apple from his dorsum. he must stay with the hurt. Like so many other things. such as nutrient. infinite. and acknowledgement. Gregor is dependent on them for basic necessities. This adds to his disfunction. His household. nevertheless. begins to boom with his impairment and his weakening. â€Å"†¦his mother†¦stitched at all right run uping for an under ware house ; his sister†¦had taken a occupation as a gross revenues girl†¦learning stenography and French†¦on the o pportunity of breaking herself. † In their procedure of going functional they begin to put Gregor aside more and more: â€Å"Who could happen clip in this overworked and tired-out household to trouble oneself about Gregor more than was perfectly necessary? † Gregor grows weaker during the procedure of his family’s reformation. He becomes frail. â€Å"eating barely anything. Merely when he happened to the nutrient laid out for him did he take a spot of something in his oral cavity as a pastime†¦usually spat out once more. † Even in his dysfunctional province. Gregor dreams of traveling to work once more and taking charge: â€Å"He was frequently haunted by the thought that the following clip the door opened he would take the family’s personal businesss in manus once more merely as he used to do†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Finally. when does Gregor dice. we see that his family’s development of map is complete. In fact. Gregor’s household grows more practical than Gregor of all time was merely because they are no longer dependent on anything. Unlike Gregor’s paranoiac behaviour of holding to travel to work. Gregor’s household is functional plenty to inquire for yearss off to travel out to the state. â€Å"They decided to pass this twenty-four hours in resting and traveling f or a amble ; they had non merely deserved such a reprieve from work. but perfectly needed it. And so they sat down at the tabular array and wrote three notes of alibi. Mr. Samsa to his board of direction. Mrs. Samsa to her employer. and Grete to the caput of her house. † The Samsa household is more functional than Gregor of all time was because they do non depend on anything besides themselves to be productive and to acquire what they want. Gregor’s disfunction is no longer needed to actuate them to be efficient. They are now reliant merely upon themselves. Gregor’s metabolism becomes his family’s metabolism. Ultimately. what is seen in Kafka’s Metamorphosis is the opposing relationship between Gregor and his household. When Gregor maps as a homo. his household does non. When Gregor can non finish his responsibilities. his household becomes functional as worlds. However. the most interesting relationship in this narrative is how dependence plays a function in both Gregor and his family’s ability to map. Gregor is ever dependent on his household one manner or another and that is why his household is able to excel his ability to map. When Gregor maps at his best. he is dependent on his family’s disfunction in order to be in control of the household affairs. When Gregor becomes dysfunctional. he remains dependent on them but for his ain endurance. When his household is dysfunctional. they are dependent on him for income. But when Gregor’s household becomes functional. they are merely dependent on a dysfunctional Gregor to force them to go farther functional. After Gregor dies. his household is practical plenty to non depend on Gregor at all in any sense. They are independent and to the full efficient. In contrast. Gregor was ever in demand of his household and was neer able to work wholly as a human. Gregor’s metabolism is dysfunctional dependance. His family’s metabolism is functional independency. Gregor’s metabolism was his transmutation and his transmutation was his family’s metabolism.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Roper V. Simmons free essay sample

As a result of the U. S Supreme Court’s controversial 5-4 decision, the Juvenile Justice system is now vulnerable to a systematic shift towards the rehabilitative role established at its inception. Introduction- Christopher Simmons is a cold blooded murder who was sentenced to death after the murder of Miss whoever. Sentenced to death 17 years old Series of appeals until 2002 Atkins v. Virginia Overturned Stanford v. Kentucky Part 1- The first juvenile court was established in Cook County, Illinois in 1898. Initial goal was rehabilitation of juveniles, not punishment. Change to a more punitive structure in response due a increase in juvenile crime during the 1970s and 1980s. Supreme Court decided juveniles had basic due process rights in Gault case. Established balancing act between rehabilitation and protection of the Health Safety and Welfare of society. Part 2-In deciding the execution of a juvenile is inconsistent with the 8th amendment, the U. S Supreme court uses unconventional and highly contested reasoning. We will write a custom essay sample on Roper V. Simmons or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The two pronged approach to 8th amendment cases Original intent of bill of rights Evolving moral standards of society National Conesus standard International law Part 3- Although the evolving moral standards of society could have changed to view the imposition of the death penalty on a minor as cruel and unusual punishment, the reasoning behind overturning Stanford v. Kentucky is highly contested. Scillia and Reihnquist’s dissenting. Posner’s view Scillia’s and Reinquist’s dissenting opinions acknowledge and foreshadow the severe consequences of the Court’s decision. Jury’s not capable of determining juvenile’s culpability Cited to rule life without parole for juveniles unconstitutional Calls into question about trying juveniles as adults for any crime Conclusion- Despite the use of a questionable criteria, the U. S Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional to sentence a minor to death. Impact on future 8th amendment cases as well.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Racism in 1930s Essay Sample free essay sample

In the early 1930’s many races were still treated as inferiors. Not merely were African Americans discriminated against but besides many of the more oriental groups were treated the same manner. more so in the South than the north. White Americans still had a better life than the minorities even though the depression greatly affected them every bit good. African Americans. despite the rights they were supposed to hold. were still holding a major battle with many of their rights being denied. Attempts were frequently made to seek an intimidate them and stamp down their rights. There were besides many old imposts that had non faded that involved curtailing the rights of African Americans. For illustration. it was considered incorrect for an African American to inquiry and justice white people. Many rights of African Americans were wholly ignored. Racism during the 1930s remained a really existent menace to the safety and chances of African-Americans in the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Racism in 1930s Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Decades of inhibitory policies in the state ( peculiarly the Southern provinces ) began to come under force per unit area by the New Deal plans of President Franklin Roosevelt. Though these New Deal plans did non stop such inhibitory policies. they laid the basis for the slaves. Eventual integration actions of the authorities during the 1950s. At this clip. major organized groups for endangering African-Americans began to worsen. but held plenty sway in sentiment and power to get the better of early efforts at civil rights. Segregation was still the standard pattern of countries all over the state – separate schools. separate eating houses and even separate imbibing fountains were platitude. and legal steps existed to implement these patterns. Northern metropoliss. particularly heavy industrial countries having an inflow of Afro-american population like New York City. progressively used these patterns as the Great Depression ravaged the state. Of greater note was racism in Europe during the 1930s. which was to take in the following decennary to the hideous events of the Holocaust. During the clip Adolf Hitler gained power in Germany. the Judaic people were viewed with hatred and intuition for the sensed stereotype of Judaic control of universe fundss. Coupled with the entire obliteration of German economic power following the First World War and the world-wide crippling of economic systems courtesy of the Great Depression. Hitler secured adequate public support and conformity to get down utmost policies of repression and control for the Judaic populations of the state. Restrictions on who the Judaic people might get married. abolishing of civil rights and other economic clippers shortly followed throughout the decennary. During the 1930s. widespread extinctions had non yet begun ( the major concentration cantonments were non built until the early 1940s ) . but early signifiers of concentration cantonments with high mortality rates were in usage.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Blossoming Flowers & Frog Rain essays

Blossoming Flowers & Frog Rain essays Before the opening credits role we are shown three different scenes, all of which involve what some would see as coincidence, but what others would see as fate. A pharmacist is murdered one night in a town called Greenberry Hill by three men who were attempting to rob him, their names being Green, Berry, and Hill. A scuba-diver is lifted by an airplane carrying water to extinguish a forest fire and dies second after falling from the plane, which is being flown by a man who interacted with the scuba-diver just days before at a casino. Finally, a boy tries to commit suicide by jumping off of his buildings roof top, but is then killed by a bullet being shot threw a window three stories down by his mother, who is arguing with his father and who is threatening him with a gun that the boy has loaded several days earlier. The boy then falls on a net that had been installed for window washers which would have saved his life were it not for this incredible sequence of events. Magnolia, as keenly noted by James Berardinelli, a reviewer for the New York Times, deals with the effects of physical and spiritual cancer on individuals and their families. It is the story of Earl Partridge the producer of a television show called What Do Kids Know? who lies in his bed dying of cancer. His second wife Linda turns to prescription anti-depressants in order to cope with her guilt and impending loss. His estranged son Frank Mackey, an infomercial crusader whos followers are taught to obey the cock and tame the cunt. Earls dying wish of being reunited with Frank is being fulfilled by Earls nurse, Phil Parma. Meanwhile, the host of Earls game show, Jimmy Gator, is also stricken with cancer and is literally falling apart on television. Jimmys relationship with his drug addicted daughter cannot be reconciled, though his daughter, Claudia, embarks on a relationship with a loving...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Reading Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reading Questions - Assignment Example The findings in ‘Sesame Street’ has also shown to improve various complex cognitive skills of children such as classifying and sorting and also among simpler skills such as numbers and names. These results were achieved even despite various field and measurement problems. Typically, researchers in the field of educational are considered to be the historians of the different policies and practices of Education and whose works are rarely used to make any changes to current or future happenings. Considering this situation, Sesame Street comes as rather a surprise since most people are against children watching television. But if these findings conducted through Sesame Street were to be ignored, and not developed further, funded or researched by similarly conceived television shows, then it would be a travesty and a huge loss to the future of our educational system. The first criteria chosen are the Project Features which comprises of the goals and objectives which involve both explicit and implicit features. The Sesame program also speaks of the primary activities and resources that would be used to achieve these goals and the possible short and long term outcomes. The Sesame Street Report reflects the same criteria given above. The primary goal of the Sesame Street program was to give evidence that a program such as this, benefited children by enhancing their cognitive and skill abilities for better educational outcomes. The project was so designed, making use of pretests and posttests which gave enough proof to show that these goals were achieved. The outcomes as evidenced in the Sesame project was long term and benefited children coming from varied backgrounds. The second criteria evidenced in the Sesame Street program were the different stakeholders which included the child, parents, teachers and peer groups. The program was looked at from different perspectives to evaluate

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Events of September 20th 1973 Speech or Presentation

Events of September 20th 1973 - Speech or Presentation Example The day witnessed the sorrowful and untimely pass away of immensely talented American songwriter and singer Jim Croce who was originally named as James Croce. At the time of his death of a plane crash he was only 30 plus and less than three and half months away of his 31st birthday. Like many other musical geniuses Jim’s early career was not so successful though it turned into colours quite rapidly in 1970 (Alfred Publishing 104). This period was renowned for Jim’s meeting with singer and song writer Maury Muehlesien and the duo jammed together quite well. The flexibility between the two in interchanging their roles as vocalist to musicians was worth watching. The duo produced some ear melting songs like â€Å"You Don’t Mess Around with Jim,† â€Å"Life and Times†, â€Å"Operator and Time in Bottle† and of them received applaud. Especially Croce’s â€Å"Bad Bad Leroy Brown† became the number one chart hit in America in 1973 (And erson, 38). Catastrophe struck at this point of success when Croc along with all the crew in a chartered plain met a crash in their way to Sherman Texas and succumbed to the crash. The most major event on that day regarding sports might be considered as the battle between sexes as it is popularly known. This was a tennis match between Bobby Riggs and Billie Jean King two of the supremos of lawn tennis. The game was metaphorical at the back ground of equality in payment between male and female tennis stars. Two important points are here to note, Bobby was at that time 55 and Billy was 27. However putting it aside Billy Jean King downed Bobby in straight sets 6-4, 6-3, 6-3. The biggest contribution of Billy to women tennis was to put it a step forward towards equality with their male counterpart. It is worth noting that Margaret Court arguably the greatest ever ladies tennis player faced a humiliating defeat against Bobby (6-1, 6-2) on mothers day, popularly known as mother’s d ay massacre. Miss Court was never an ardent supporter of equality among the male and the female players and that perhaps restricted her from furnishing her highest efforts while combating Bobby. On the other hand Billy realised that if this old man manages to defeat her then woman tennis would walk back around fifty years. Though the match ended in a friendly manner and gestures were exchanged between the two, but that in no way undermines the significance of this historical battle of sex between two legends of the game (Drury, 63). On the same day and same year Alan L. Powedermaker and his wife built a ranch in western style making a perfect western essence named Circle R Ranch. At the very initial level the ranch hoisted a party with only 28 members. The party was meant for eastern Kodak. If increase in number of gusts is considered as an significant growth of the ranch and which definitely is; nowadays 350,000 guests are each year entertained within the realm of the ranch. Till d ate Circle R the ranch has been associated with many interesting events that have even claimed awards. Some of them are worth mentioning â€Å"Sly and The Family Stone, The World Classic Rockers, Charlie Daniels Band, LeeAnn Rimes, Tracey Lawrence, Dwight Yoakum, KC & the Sunshine Band, Kool & the Gang, 3 Dog Night, Bo Diddley and Chubby Checker. In 1996, Circle R hosted the Country Music Association Awards Gala.† (Circle R. Ranch) The ranch was now operated by two very experienced persons, Steven Foster and Wendy Foster who are eventually

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Terrorism, its Causes and Responses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Terrorism, its Causes and Responses - Essay Example The United Nations General Assembly attempts to define terrorism as criminal actions aimed at provoking the state of terror in the public, groups of people or certain persons for unjustifiable political reasons. Such actions are intolerable and are termed terrorism despite the ideologies, religious considerations, philosophical or political reasons that might be brought forth as justification. characteristically acts of terrorism are politically motivated, violent in nature, calculated to instigate psychological fear, are advanced by organizations with clear conspiratorial command chains which are identifiable and the perpetrators and entities which are non-state. Terrorists generally exploit the media to achieve much publicity as possible and amplify their influence on the audience of the target. The objective is for the effects to be felt by an audience that goes beyond the immediate subject being targeted. Terrorism can take the type of either domestic terrorism if conducted within the confines of national borders or international terrorism is conducted by groups that are able to exert their effects beyond borders of nations. Terrorism can also take the form of Civil Disorder in which violence is utilized in order to disrupt the security & peace as well as the normal community functioning. Political terrorism on the other takes the form of violence and criminal mannerisms aimed at generating fear in an entire community or a significant part of the community in order to advance political interests. There is also Limited Political Terrorism which involves terror acts conducted out of political and ideological motivations but not aimed at gaining state control.  

Friday, November 15, 2019

Life Cycle of a Compact Disc (DC)

Life Cycle of a Compact Disc (DC) LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS OF A COMPACT DISC CDs have become an essential item in everybodys life. Despite its simple structure, it allows you to listen hours of music, to watch films on a player as well as to store a huge amount of information. For all these reasons, CDs consumption has increased in the last few years. Thats way a compact disc is an important matter of analysis in terms of life cycle and environmental footprint. In this essay Ill discuss the main points on the life cycle of this product from its creation to the final stage of its life. MATERIALS ACQUISITION CDs are made of many different materials. The main of them are: aluminum, polycarbonate, lacquer, gold, dyes and some other materials such as water, glass, silver and nickel. Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the Earths crust but the common aluminum is not economic sources of the metal. Thats why almost all metallic aluminum is produced from ore bauxite. Smelting of the ore occurs in different countries than the mining activity, so it involves its transportation. Polycarbonate is a type of plastic which is made from crude oil and natural gas extracted from the Earth. Lacquer is made of acrylic, another type of plastic. Gold is straight mined from the Earth. Dyes are chemicals made in laboratory, partially from petroleum products that come from the Earth. Mining is a key process at this point of the life cycle as it supposes the obtaining of the necessary raw materials that will make up the CD. All mining process involves the use of machinery such as trucks and excavator. Those vehicles consume energy and release CO2 emission to the atmosphere. In this stage, proposing any improvement is difficult as nowadays there is no other way of getting raw materials from Earths crust but by means of excavators. MATERIALS PROCESSING Materials acquisition is not the previous step to the manufacturing process. Most mined materials must be processed before manufacturers can use them to make CDs. As I mentioned before, bauxite ore is processed into a substance called â€Å"alumina† by washing, crushing, dissolving, filtering, and harvesting the materials. Alumina is then turned into aluminum through a process called â€Å"smelting.† Then the metal is shaped, rolled, or made into a cast. Regarding this material process, it has to be taken into account the fact that larger deposits of bauxite occur in certain countries and its processing takes place in different points of the world. This implies transportation from one place to the other and its consequent CO2 emissions. To make plastics, crude oil is extracted from the ground and combined with natural gas and chemicals in a manufacturing or processing plant. In some cases, burning plastics as part of a process can release toxic fumes. Moreover, the manufacturing of plastic often creates large quantities of chemical pollutants. In order to determine the carbon footprint due to all those material processes, we have to take into account the energy consumed in manufacturing and processing plant. Energy consumption is kept at a high level as smelting and some chemical processes require a huge amount of energy to be accomplished. MANUFACTURING PROCESS The manufacturing process of a CD is complex. An injection molding machine creates the core of the disc, a 1-millimeter thick piece of polycarbonate (plastic). Polycarbonate is melted and poured in a mold. Then, with the aid off high pressure, a stamper embeds tiny indentations, or pits, with digital information into the plastic mold. Those indentations or pits will be read by a laser when playing a CD. Therefore, it is an accurate process and it involves some specialized tools and machines. Then, the so-called process â€Å"sputtering† takes places. Through it, the â€Å"metallizer† machine coats the CDs with a thin metal reflective layer (usually aluminum). The playback laser reads the information off of the reflective aluminum surface. In order to protect the CD against scratching and corrosion, it receives a layer of lacquer as a protecting coating. Most CDs are screen printed with one to five different colors for a decorative label. Screen printing involves the use of many materials, including stencils, queegees, and inks. In the manufacturing process, a considerable amount of environmental aggressive products are used such as lacquer and inks. PACKAGING CDs are packaged in clear or colored plastic cases or cardboard boxes that are then covered with plastic shrink wrap. This packaging can be made from recycled or raw materials. For example, the plastic used can be from recycled bottles or from crude oil and natural gas extracted from the Earth and combined with chemicals. Manufacturing cardboard require cutting trees down. This is an important and aggressive action against the environment and therefore, it has to be taken into account when evaluating the environmental cost of packaging CDs. TRANSPORTATION/DISTRIBUTION The transportation supposes a considerable contribution to carbon footprint. Once discs are packaged, they are sent to all parts in the world where they are distributed. Transportation by plane, truck, or rail requires the use of fossil fuels for energy, which contribute to climate change. Moreover, manufacturing plants usually are located in underdeveloped countries due to economic reasons whereas the main consumption of this product is registered in developed countries. This involves long transport distances and then important CO2 emissions. USEFUL LIFE CDs are created with materials that are extremely stable. If properly stored and handled, most discs will last for decades. Certain conditions, such as high humidity, or extended periods of high temperatures, rapid temperature changes, and exposure to certain types of light, can damage discs and shorten their useful life. Keeping discs out of direct sunlight and away from heat and water will help them last longer. Following those easy instructions not only will save money, but it will also reduce the discs environmental impacts by preventing waste. From my point of view, this stage has an important meaning in terms of waste minimization. Our CDs consumption rate would decrease significantly if handling them properly. Making the useful life longer involves reducing all the process previous to the use, and so reducing the carbon footprint generated by the processing, manufacturing, transport process, etc. REUSE, RECYCLE OR DISPOSAL In order to reduce the discs environmental impacts, the disposal must be seen as the last option. Depending on their condition, discs can be reused or recycled instead of thrown away. Reuse A good way to keep discs out of the garbage is to reuse them. In this sense, one of the reasons why we get rid of discs is scratches. Minor scratches can be repaired by rubbing a mild abrasive (such as toothpaste) on the non-label side of a disc in a circular motion from the center out. Also, some commercial refinishers can inexpensively repair your CDs. Another main reason is that the disc is not longer wanted. Unwanted CDs or can be sold to some stores, traded with friends, or donated to schools, libraries, or other organizations. Buying used CDs borrowing them from the library can also help reduce the environmental impact associated with manufacturing new products. In my opinion this is the better alternative to disposal because unlike recycling, reusing doesnt involve any manufacturing or smelting process. Therefore less energy will be consumed resulting in a lower carbon footprint. Recycle CDs can be recycled for use in new products. Specialized electronic recycling companies clean, grind, blend, and compound the discs into a high-quality plastic for a variety of uses, including automotive industry parts, raw materials to make plastics, office equipment, alarm boxes and panels, street lights, and electrical cable insulation, jewel cases. Most CD recycling companies only accept large stockpiles of old, damaged, or unused from businesses. A few companies will accept smaller quantities of discs mailed by individuals. Once the recyclers receive the CDs, they separate the packaging materials, manuals, and CDs for individual recycling processes. You might consider contacting a CD recycling company on behalf of your school or school district-collecting CDs for reuse could be a good school or community fundraising project. Check your local phone book or search the Internet for a list of recyclers, and be sure to have one in place before you begin collecting CDs for recycling. As with most stages of product life cycles, even recycling has environmental tradeoffs. CD recycling is now an emerging technology, which means that many companies are not yet capable of recycling these discs. So, while recycling CDs saves natural resources, the trade-off comes from the amount of fuel and energy thats consumed to transport discs long-distances to an appropriate recycling facility. Disposal Only dispose of your discs when you have no other choice. Always try to share, donate, or trade your discs or drop them off at an appropriate recycling center. CDs and that are thrown away waste energy and result in lost valuable resources.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Are the Views of the Roman Catholic Church Out of Touchs?

This essay does not intend to cause offence, come across as heretical or blasphemous in any way. Obviously, every single view the Roman Catholic Church holds are not out of touch with modern day attitudes, but this essay focuses on the views of the Church which are currently discussed most frequently. The controversy and criticism surrounding the Catholic Church in this day and age is of staggering proportions.It would be very difficult to pick up the same newspaper every day for a year and not at least once read a headline like ‘Catholic Bishop Denounces Gay Couples’ Right to Marriage’ or ‘Catholic Church Once Again Speaks Out Against Contraception Use’. It’s clear that some of the views of the Catholic Church can discriminate, intimidate, and generally infuriate people. The modern man or woman, in most cultures and societies is free to be gay, use contraception or become a priest regardless of your gender.However, the Catholic Church still ta kes an almost medieval approach to these issues, and by doing so has caused much outrage over the past few decades. Is this an ‘adapt or die’ situation? Is it the case that the Roman Catholic Church needs to be dragged kicking and screaming into the 21st century? Or are their traditional views still applicable today? It’s very easy to say that some of the views of the Roman Catholic Church are outrageously out of touch with the modern world, what with all the bad press it receives these days.But these views are based on beliefs that date back thousands of years. You might argue that, to keep up with today’s open and ever-changing society, the Catholic Church should allow room for adjustments to their views that they hold so firmly. However, some find it quite arrogant that people could be so bold as to suggest such a thing, considering these views are millennia old. Certain theories (and I stress the word ‘theories’) about some issues, such as the idea that homosexuality is acceptable, have been around for merely decades.Why should Catholics change their belief system, which is based on the near-on two thousand year old scriptures and the teachings of their current church, just because widely popular but relatively new ‘theories’ about matters that they deem sinful are becoming commonly accepted among many different cultures? It would be like demolishing the Sistine Chapel and rebuilding it but with galvanised steel and glass, just because those materials are popular choices for many large buildings these days. We cannot simply get rid of some beliefs that date back two millennia because of the opposing beliefs of opular demand. It’s important in this time when authority is challenged, people with a strong moral compass are hard to come by and human life is not valued very highly that we hold on to traditional Christian beliefs. If we did away with tradition and completely modernised the Catholic Chur ch we’d have the Pope going out on Saturday nights, drinking his own body weight in alcoholic beverages, starting violent fights with anyone who accidently bumps into him then find the nearest tipsy female and get her pregnant in a drunken one-night-stand.This may be a slight exaggeration, but you get the point: if we start picking away and changing the traditional beliefs then we end up with a church people will find hard to take seriously because of its lack of moral principal. If you signed a contract and then without telling you the contractor went against certain terms and condition within the contract I would imagine that you’d be jolly annoyed and completely lose any trust you had in that contractor. Some say that the Catholic Church is not out of touch with modern day mores, but simply sticking to tradition in order to remain a strong and consistent church.Whilst tradition is important, for the Catholic Church to grow and to rid itself of its controversial labe ls, the fact of the matter is it needs to adjust and update itself to fit modern day attitudes. Its views on homosexuality, contraception and female ordination are very much stuck in a previous century, and if it does wish to grow then it will have to find a new approach to such issues. It’s clear to most that being gay is acceptable in this day and age. Contraception usage is encouraged in most parts of the world.Women becoming priests is allowed by many cultures. However, the Catholic Church denounces all of these things, most of the time openly. In the eyes of the Roman Catholic faith, being gay or using a condom is sinful. Can a Church that classifies these such things as sinful really grow in today’s open, free-speaking society? The Catholic Church teaches that homosexual behaviour is a violation of divine and natural law; basically, being gay is sinful. 10% of the population of the world is gay or has had a homosexual experience.Linking these two facts together, surely this doesn’t mean that the Catholic Church deems 10% of the population sinners, doomed to spend an eternity in the fiery pits of hell? Today, homosexuality is widely accepted by many communities. You would’ve thought that because of this, the Catholic Church would keep relatively quiet about their views on the subject. But they are not afraid to preach their beliefs through the media. In September last year, it made the headlines that the Scottish government was holding a consultation on whether gay marriage should be introduced.Not long after this did the proposal come under fire from the Roman Catholic Church. The Bishop of Paisley Philip Tartaglia (who was tipped to be the next Archbishop of Glasgow) said that a Scottish government that backed gay marriage did not deserve the support of the Catholic community. This came after the most senior Scottish catholic, Cardinal Keith O'Brien, said legalising gay marriage would â€Å"shame Scotland in the eyes of the world†. There’s no doubt that this story would not fail in making homosexuals in Scotland feel discriminated.Discrimination on this scale belongs in pre-1970’s America and in history books and should not still be making headlines today. The Catholic Church does not have the right to discriminate against homosexuals, and if they feel that it is their faith that teaches them to do so, then their faith is most certainly out of touch with the world as it is and needs to update itself. Christian acceptance of contraception use is relatively new; up until the start of the 20th century all churches frowned upon the use of artificial contraception.In modern times, many churches say it is acceptable to use contraception, but the Roman Catholic Church still forbids it. It regards the use of contraception as intrinsically evil for a variety of reasons. The main issue for Catholics is that using contraception is against ‘natural law’; the purpose of sex is to pr oduce offspring. Catholics have held this belief about sex and contraception since the beginning of Christianity. These days, birth control is widely accepted and even promoted in the West, and it looks like the Catholic Church might be fighting a losing battle.A study carried out in 2008 suggests that most practising Catholics are ignoring the Church's teachings on contraception and sex. 1,500 Mass-goers in England and Wales were surveyed by The Tablet magazine. It was found that the contraceptive pill is used by 54. 5% and nearly 69% had used or would consider using condoms. These statistics come 40 years after Pope Paul VI forbade birth control use in his encyclical Humanae Vitae (Of Human Life). The survey also found that more than half think that the teaching should be revised.With figures such as this, coupled with the fact that most people in the West consider using a condom or other forms of contraception the normal and right thing to do, it appears that the Catholic Church is out of touch with modern society on the issue of contraception usage. The idea that a female should become a priest would have been utterly preposterous just a few decades ago, but now in many churches, such as the Anglican Church and most branches of the Protestant Church, the ordination of women is completely acceptable.Although not the only Church that does so, the Roman Catholic Church is possibly the most vocal of Christian churches to denounce the right for women to be ordained. In fact, in 2007 the Holy See issued a decree stating that the attempted ordination of women would result in automatic excommunication for the women and priests trying to ordain them. Once again, here we see an example where the Roman Catholic Church is lagging behind the fast moving modern day. The idea that only a man should be allowed to become a priest is, many believe, sexist.Granted, other Churches, such as the Orthodox Church, take the same view on such matters, but it’s not a case of ‘everybody does it, so it’s fine’. If the Catholic Church wants to seem less repellent towards the modern day man or (in this case in particular) woman, it needs to adapt itself. A survey carried out by the Association of Catholic Priests (ACP) showed that 77% of Irish Catholics wanted women priests. With figures such as these, it’s clear that an update of the views of the Roman Catholic Church is very much in demand.The subject of abortion is one of great debate and controversy. Not everybody agrees with abortion, but if women choses to abort an unborn baby, for whatever reason, then that is her decision and she will have to live with that. The Roman Catholic Church takes a very firm line on the matter of abortion, saying that deliberately causing one is a grave moral wrong. Having an abortion has led to automatic excommunication from the Catholic Church since the sixteenth century.Unless under strict conditions (laid out by the Canon Law, which states te n extreme circumstances In the past, the Roman Catholic Church has come under attack for being too strict and too extreme over some issues that, in the 21st century, are in common practice, such as being gay or using a condom during sex. Admittedly, tradition is important and sticking to it shows a firm and consistent church, but is a church which openly deems homosexuality, contraception and female ordination sinful really able to remain strong in a society where such things are widely accepted?To use a final analogy: every successful species on earth has had the ability to evolve – adapt to its surrounding. If an animal does not evolve then in more cases than not, that animal will die. The fact of the matter is the Catholic Church has not evolved since its birth some two thousand years ago. To survive it must adapt, because at the moment the only conclusion I can come to is that some of the views of the Roman Catholic Church are very much out of touch with modern day mores.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Name of college or university

A review of the successful strategy and tactics of warfare will inevitably lead to the concept that battlefield victory will depend on the decisive employment of the proper elements with the appropriate equipment in the right place at the correct time.Col. P. I. Lisitskiy[1] describes specific assault and special operations deployments during World War II illustrative of this model and that military leadership on both sides understood the necessity of airborne methods to accomplish battlefield victory. Unfortunately he fails to provide sufficient illustration and examples of the use of special operations forces. Further, he provides little insight into the training regimen and capacity of these specialized forces.However his historical perspective and review is still significant as recent military actions demonstrate military commanders must have a thorough understanding of the critical strategic role of airborne and airmobile tactics in the successful use of assault and special oper ations forces.World War II was in essence the â€Å"laboratory† for the development of airborne operations and special operations. British, German and American armies formally organized airborne units â€Å"and by the fall of 1943, the U.S. armed forces had as many as five airborne divisions (11th, 13th, 17th, 82nd, and 102nd).† (169).Lisitskiy defines â€Å"special operations† of the World War II era as being either â€Å"airborne, subversion and terror, and subversion and reconnaissance troops.† (169) He subdivides this broad categorization by detailing mission- and objective-specific operational groups. Lisitskiy concludes the World War II experience demonstrates the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of these operations and they will be a vital component of any future military engagement.Lisitskiy describes three methods of movement of airborne troops during the war: parachute drops, troop placement via glider, and air transport to seized airports.Plac ement of the force could be (a) immediately on top of the area to be assaulted, (b) adjacent to the field of battle, or (c) within striking range of the target. According to Lisitskiy these troops had their share of personnel, logistical and communication problems, usually directly related to the nature of the battlefield and the speed, method of their arrival and distance from support bases.Lisitskiy uses actual battles to illustrate his theme regarding the method of transport and placement of troops. He cites the German Army â€Å"airdrop on a Belgian fort, Eben Emael, 10 May 1940. It was possible to capture the fort only by landing troops atop it.† (172) the allied Operation Overload, what Americans refer to as D-Day, perfectly illustrates â€Å"the airlifting of units with seizing airfields ahead of their landing.†(171) the feasibility and necessity of landing paratroops away from the target is exemplified by â€Å"the operations of the 3rd German Paratroop Rifle Regiment on Crete. Assigned to take the town of Khania the troops were dropped on the road†¦some 3km from Khania, whence the regiment began pushing towards its objective in a planned manner.† (172)Other examples given illustrate the notion that special operations come with special problems. Of a critical nature to a rapidly inserted or swiftly moving force are logistics and communication. Airborne operations by their very nature require stringent weight scrutiny.Lisitskiy refers to the German developments specific to airborne operations, including lightweight shoulder arms as well as specialized artillery pieces. The same weight considerations applied to communication gear. The failure of German commanders in Crete was directly attributed to communication difficulties between entrenched and newly arrived troops.[1]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Col. P. I. Lisitskiy is the Sector Deputy Chief at the Center for Military-Strategic Studies of the General St aff of the Russian Federation Armed Forces.   

Friday, November 8, 2019

Science, Religion or a Combination †Theology Essay

Science, Religion or a Combination – Theology Essay Free Online Research Papers Science, Religion or a Combination Theology Essay Some people claim the Christian Bible to be not only the true word of God in complete disregard for other religions beliefs they also consider it to be a book of science; that holds absolute truth about Mankind, the Earth, and the Universe. Religious fanatics have been trying to discredit evolution ever since Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection in 1859, these fanatics once defeat which they have been countless times always go back to the drawing board and produce the same thing as before usually just with a different name and some minimal revisions and the zealots attack evolution with renewed fervor. In recent year thought the reoccurring debate has become political, as creationist struggle to force schools to abandon evolution and adopt creationism. This continued debate is unique for an industrialized country such as the united states thou it is pretty commonplace in the unindustrialized world consequently America is setting a bad example for countries that are struggling to break the grips of religious fundamentalists and embrace free thought and a more rational way of thinking. Although evolution is imperfect it is much better explained then creationism and is able to withstand attacks as it has done for over a century now and continues to be the only theory widely ac cepted by scientist. Evolution tells that all life not just humans at one time in the past shared a common ancestor. The theory has three major points first; the common descent of all organisms formed from a single ancestor, second the appearance of important traits in a lineage or through time, and the mechanisms that cause some traits to persist while others perish. These three ideas make up the backbone of evolutionary theory. All living organisms share common traits, which would mean that all life comes from an extreme distance common ancestor. Back in Darwin’s’ day only simple observations could be made to verify his and others hypothesis that all life developed from the same origin. Now with the major breakthrough of genetics in the 1980s it is now known that every living being makes use of nucleic acids as its genetic material, and uses the same twenty amino acids as the building blocks for proteins. Also almost all of living organisms use the same genetic code to convert nucleic aci d sequences in proteins. Because the selection of these traits is somewhat arbitrary, they strongly suggest common ancestry.* fossilization is very important to understanding the history of the earth and life that once existed moreover fossilization is very rare requiring an animal to die where sediments are being deposited therefore the fossil record can only provide sparse information on the evolution of species. But fossils have been found all over the world of prehistoric organisms their age is identified by radiometric dating; which is a technique used to date materials based on a knowledge of the decay rates of naturally occurring isotopes, and the current abundances. There are many different dating methods used by geologists for example, Radiocarbon dating, this technique measures the decay of Carbon-14 in organic material (plant macrofossils).Other methods are used for dating rocks and bones. Furthermore the materialization of some traits while others fail. When evolutionary theory was first supposed only direct observations could be made and it was believed that just basic chance was the determining factor. Now we know it to be much more complex then ever imagined before with mutations occurring to DNA or RNA that usually happens when coping errors are made during cell division and can also be caused by exposure to radiation, chemical, or viruses. These changes can effect the person or person in a positive or negative way and frequently are acted upon by natural selection thou most of the time there are only minor alterations and don’t have any noticeable effect on the person. Natural selection is the main function that allows certain inheritance of some genes rather than others. Research Papers on Science, Religion or a Combination - Theology EssayGenetic EngineeringBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenQuebec and CanadaThree Concepts of PsychodynamicLifes What IfsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHip-Hop is ArtMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Religious Studies Marcel Mauss Theory of Magic

Religious Studies Marcel Mauss Theory of Magic Unlike other earlier scholars who had treated the practice of magic as a psychological phenomenon, Mauss postulated that the practice of magic had an origin in the social organization of the society. Mauss’ work is of great interest to anthropologists because of the approach that he had followed in coming up with the general theory of magic.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Religious Studies: Marcel Mauss Theory of Magic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Here, Mauss tried to establish a social pattern that contributed to the practice of magic by studying different societies. Among the most common practices in the Christian fraternity, which, for the purpose of this paper, can be classified as magical, one could mention the practice of speaking in tongues. In this paper, I will explore how the practice of speaking in tongues is integrated with magical aspects as proposed by Mauss. A number of elements that are in cluded in magic practices can (at least to some extent) be associated with the practice of speaking in tongues. If preachers can be classified as magicians because of their role in initiating the speaking of tongues on their followers. So, for the purpose of this paper, they can be considered as magicians. Does the practice of speaking in tongues involve some rituals? Before they can speak in tongues, a congregation of followers is usually taught the concept of the Holy Spirit from the Bible. Consequently, believers are encouraged to accept the Bible’s teachings on the gift of the Holy Spirit (who is responsible for the phenomenon of speaking in tongues). It is, therefore, difficult to place such a process on the same line as a ritualistic process. Do Christians use magical words to cast a spell of speaking in tongues? There are no specific words that must be used to catalyze/start the process of speaking in tongues among Christians. What is required for believers to speak in tongues is a belief in the Bible teachings about the Holy Spirit, after which they can ask God to give them the power to speak in tongues through prayers. Christians do not believe that they have to follow a specific pattern to be able to speak in tongues. Still, there is some loose and general procedure that is followed. Can the practice of speaking in tongues be considered as a social phenomenon? First, as Mauss might have correctly argued, Christianity is an institution that pre-exists a believer. One is born to find Christianity beliefs already in place. Hence, he/she does not design a new belief system on his/her own. Likewise, teachings on the practice of speaking in tongues have existed for many centuries. As Mauss might have correctly implied, Christian believers were usually â€Å"pressurized upon† and expected to start speaking in tongues during meetings that focused on the aspect of speaking in tongues. Thus, since the practice of speaking in tongues does not sole ly depend on an individual’s effort, it can be considered as a social phenomenon.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, although the general Christian beliefs, including the practice of speaking in tongues are based on a belief in a supernatural force, Christians do not believe that this supernatural force is alienated from humanity, and that they can dwell in objects (although they can live in humans). As it was noted by Mauss, the principle of mana did not apply equally here. So, multiple aspects that are present in the practice of speaking in tongues can relate (even if to a limited extent) to some of Mauss’ propositions on the practice of magic. However, due to some marked differences between Mauss’ propositions and what Christians believe and do, it is difficult to define the act of speaking in tongues as a magical practice in terms of M auss’ theory on Magic.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Lawsuits Against the Police Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lawsuits Against the Police - Essay Example When one looks into the reports of police brutality coming in from different parts of the US, the numbers are simply shocking. Roberts (2007) has reported that â€Å"a Google search for â€Å"police brutality videos† had showed him, â€Å"2,210,000 entries.† Quoting a Human Rights Watch report, Roberts (2007) has also observed that in most cases, â€Å"no disciplinary action and criminal prosecution† took place. This is because of the difficulties involved in proving the unlawful act of the police officer, the reluctance of prosecutors to fight cases against the police with whom they have good â€Å"institutionalized relationships†, and also because of the general sympathetic attitude of the jurors towards the police (Barak, 2007, p.507). The Justice Department of the United States has the powers to sue police departments under the Violent Crime Control Act (1994) for such misconduct (Barak, 2007, p.506). In the last two decades, such prosecutions include d cases against: New Jersey Police Department to limit its reliance on racial profiling in traffic stops; an Ohio police force to reduce its use of excessive force; the Pittsburgh police department for increased oversight and accountability; and the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) over the Rampart scandal, where, in August 2000, a federal judge ruled that the government’s antiracketeering statute †¦could be used against the police (Barak, 2007, p.506). Individual citizens who were subjected to police brutality and abuse have also been filing law suits against police (Barak, 2007, p.506). In some of those cases, courts have awarded huge sums of compensation to the complainants. For example, the Detroit police department was found to have â€Å"paid an average of $10 million dollars per year to resolve lawsuits arising from police misconduct† (Barak, 2007, p.506). Between 1994 and 1996, the New York City had paid an amount of $70 million as compensation awarded by courts in police brutality lawsuits (Collins and Human Rights Watch, 1998, p.78). Similarly, the Los Angeles city had to pay $79.2 million during the period, 1991-96 (Collins and Human Rights Watch, 1998, p.78). When a police officer carries out some kind of ethical or criminal violation, the punishment for that will generally come up to â€Å"reprimands or dismissal from the job†, and also in some cases, â€Å"fines, probation, or incarceration in a prison or jail† (Carmen, 2009, p.444). And in case of violations leading to civil liabilities, â€Å"monetary payment for damages and attorney’s fees,† will be the sanctions imposed (Carmen, 2009, p.444). The liabilities for violations for a police officer could be either under the state or the federal law or both (Carmen, 2009, p.446). Under Federal law, the liabilities are addressed by certain provisions under Civil Action for Deprivation of Civil Right, Conspiracy to Interfere with Civil Rights, Equal Rights Under the Law, Criminal Liability for Deprivation of Civil Rights, Criminal Liability for Conspiracy to Deprive a Person of Rights, Violations of Federally Protected Activities, and other Federal agency rules and guidelines (Carmen, 446). The state tort law, â€Å"state penal code provisions†, and â€Å"regular penal code provisions† are the state laws involved (Carmen, 2009,

Friday, November 1, 2019

Love(write can decide) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Love(write can decide) - Essay Example This definition means that certain people feel the need to associate with the other person. However, this definition is challengeable due to its confusion with lust. In defining love from this perspective, it is worth to provide a detailed explanation that two are considered in genuine emotional attraction if they show committed to each other and handle their feeling through conflicts of interests (Cobbs 9). Thus, it should be more understood as commitment to understand one deeply and show real care. This kind of love is evident in Powers’ book, when Zaki states â€Å"It seems that you are ninety-nine percent in love when she doesn’nt know one percent† (34). This means that it should not be left from the point of emotional attraction for it much define lust, the craving desire towards a self gratification, which extend to the need for having sex. For instance, when Powers states, â€Å"I have not made love to a man since I left Belgrade to years ago† (73), this shows that the love in question is sexual involvement. Some scholars define love as how happily we connect to one another. This definition includes sharing oneself to others. It thus contrasts from the previous since this definition argues that when people are gathered at a place without any sign of danger, love just happens. Centrally, when sign of danger appears, people tend to grab and secure their loved ones to secure them from the danger (Ram 27). When it comes to assisting the loved one, assistance has no limit as one offers the best assistance ever. However, this definition lacks base for argument since the connection created among people has a reason. In fact, either of them or both have the interest to benefit from each other. As such, these people are not connected from love but a certain motive. Love has also been defined as the desire to help loved ones. In this definition, scholars believe that the desire happens without any instruction or a rule is a sign of love . This natural way of responding to people’s needs and rescue especially in the event of danger puts one at risk and may even die in the process (Boros 23). From this definition, it is evident that love makes one form brave decisions regarding assisting others, for example, in a fire event, a mother would throw herself in the middle of ablaze to rescue a child. At this moment, she does not care about the risk but the welfare of the baby. When love is between two people, it depends on how well interpersonal attraction is embraced and portrayed. Love is shown by the strength of emotional attachment one has towards others. The statement that love is kind may not be valid all round especially when it comes to affection between lovers. Among lovers, love is portrayed as selfish since a partner puts the other under restrictions, which may make life difficult for the person involved. This is because people are different and their interests are diverse so one thing may favor one part ner and discourage others (Wages 27). From personal understanding, love is characterized by positive traits like forgiveness. More often than not, people and even nations offend each other due to differences in their personal attributes, difference in the environment exposure, education level, and religion (Ram 5). Some people are keen and very petty and will feel offended when the expectations are cut short while outgoing people talk much

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Wellshire NHS Trust Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wellshire NHS Trust - Case Study Example According to the paper, HR policies identified in the case study are centred towards nursing staff and their workplace environment. The fact finding report determined various problems that exists within two large hospitals operated by NHS Trust. There are four issues identified in the case study such as sickness absence, performance appraisal, employee relations, and learning and development. In recent years there has been increase in percentage of sickness absence. The major reason behind such problem can be lack of employee motivation. Staff members are not motivated enough to accomplish tasks or be regular in workplace practices. Stress related conditions have been so prominent in the organization that it initiated short term absence. In such scenario line managers should communicate effectively with team members. However data collected by line managers were not utilized further in order to resolve issues. It can be stated that initiatives were not undertaken by line managers and this created more problems in terms of increased degree of sickness absence. Inappropriate performance appraisal system can be denoted as another issue identified in the organization. Performance appraisal programs were undertaken by managers to address certain competencies such as communication, service improvement, people development, quality, health and safety, diversity and equality. Appraisal meetings were often not held in scheduled time period. There was no record maintained regarding employee performance and this issue gained more prominence in context of workplace shifts. The main reason behind this problem was lack of technology based applications. Hence it became difficult to track employee performance and implement productive strategies.  

Monday, October 28, 2019

Impacts of the New Immigration Law in Arizona Essay Example for Free

Impacts of the New Immigration Law in Arizona Essay Maria de Los Angeles is a US immigrant of Hispanic origin and lives with her family in Arizona. When she had the news that the state’s governor had signed the controversial immigration act into law, just like other Hispanic women, she screamed at the top of her voice. Non immigrant colleagues who worked with her just stared not knowing what to do. Outside her little shop, an angry crowd of Hispanic immigrants were conversing in angry tones reacting to the news. They could not believe that in three months time, when the law becomes effective, their lives will change for the worse and thus they should be preparing for tough times ahead. A small boy who was listening to their conversations had difficulties in understanding the impact of the law to their lives. This essay seeks to find out the impact of the new immigration law in Arizona and whether it is racially motivated. It was on April, Friday 23 when the governor of Arizona, Gov. Jan Brewer passed an immigration law called Support our Law enforcement and safe neighborhood act (Sharp, 2010) which is considered one of the toughest laws in anti immigration crusade. This law has sparked debates on the issue of illegal immigration and criticisms from every corner including from the president himself. President Obama has termed it as a sign of irresponsibility on the side of the state’s governance and this may apply to all states and thus he calls for reforms to be done on the federal immigration laws as soon as possible in order to avert these kinds of law by states. The signing of the law has also angered the President of Mexico and so many protesters have come out to criticize it. Many have said that the law reminds them of those days when racism was very active in America and thus the law is inviting racism back to their lives (Goodwin, 2010). What is in this law? The law requires every immigrant to have immigration papers and the police are given that power to ask for them every time they are suspicious of someone as an illegal immigrant. This means that, if they suspect anyone, then they have the power to detain him or her. Any immigrant, who will not be having the immigration papers, will be committing a crime and citizens can actually sue an agency which does not enforce the law. In other words, the police can question anybody irrespective of whether they are committing a crime or not. Even those who are going on with their legal businesses will be at the mercies of the police so long us they come under suspicion. The law punishes those who are found to be in the country illegally by sentencing them to jail for six months and 2,500 dollars as a fine. These punitive measures are going against the federal punishment of deportation (Goodwin, 2010). What are the impacts of the law? 30% of the Arizona population is Hispanic and illegal immigrants of Hispanic origin make up 80%of all immigrants and thus this law is seen as targeting them. The law has been criticized because it encourages the police to arrest people based on their looks, leaving out the evidence that they may actually be committing a crime. The governor tried to justify her actions by saying that she tried everything she could on language to avoid enforcement of this law to be based solely on the race, national origin and color of people but critics have revoked the law by saying that it does not lay out the circumstances under which somebody will be detained apart from the mentioned three that is, color, race and national origin (Goodwin, 2010). Most Americans have also raised their voices against it saying that the law itself is un-American. A senate candidate in Florida, Marco Rubio has said that Americans are not comfortable with the requirement of a group of people carrying documents every where they go. Tom Tancredo, a congress man ,even though he is known to be against illegal immigration, has this time come out to say that the law has gone too far. He said he does not wish for people to be pulled over due to their looks (Goodwin, 2010). The governor has come out to try to settle the issue by ordering the law enforcers to receive special training on how to implement the law by signing an executive order. In her efforts to fight crimes related to illegal immigration, she would also see into it that the law is not misused to infringe on rights of others. President Obama was against it even before it was signed saying that it will bring distrust between the people and the police (Goodwin, 2010). The opponents of the law have sworn to punish Arizona by targeting the state’s coffers. San Francisco city has called its residents to bring to an end their business dealings with Arizona and a boycott has also been called of any convention that will take place in Arizona. Some tourists to Arizona cancelled their reservations in protest to the law, swearing that they would not go back there because of the law. It is too early to predict what would happen to the tourism sector in Arizona and economy at large (Archibold, 2010). The law sparked fresh debates on federal immigration law reforms and this made President Obama to call for immediate complete reforms on the law. The Mexican foreign minister was not left behind in speaking his mind. He said that he is worried about the strained relationship between Mexico and Arizona and also about the Hispanic people and their rights. A Cardinal in Los Angeles termed the requirements of the law as Nazism (Archibold, 2010). The bill has been termed as a rebuke to the former governor of Arizona Janet Napolitano who had supported the bill there prior to her appointment in the Obama’s administration. Since it seems this law could lead to nation wide immigration debate, then the Hispanic voters could be politically motivated to benefit the democrats, energizing the conservative voters also (Archibold, 2010). The Union of American Civil Liberties has criticized the law as it is out to target the Latinos but the proponents say that the law is a good step towards settling the lawlessness at the US –Mexican border where the federal law enforcers have failed to do so. Napolitano argues that the law will facilitate siphoning of state’s wealth which is meant to fight the real crimes of the immigrants thus loosing focus (Warren, 2010). The main thing that is being observed is that the law seeks to overshadow the federal law which is the land’s supreme law (Warren, 2010). It seems that the debate will go through talk shows, lines of protests to the floor of the court to know whether states have power to implement laws that for a long time have been the responsibility of the federal government. Activists have vowed to challenge the law and prevent it from taking effect because it has gone overboard by attacking the authority of the federal government of regulating immigration and empowering the police, giving them too much power. When the law takes effect in July it that means anyone who is found in America illegally would be committing a crime. If one looks like a foreigner or sounds like it, then he will be subjected to lots of questioning by the police to confirm their citizenship (CBS interactive Inc, 2010). Some legal migrants will also find themselves in these kinds of treatments despite their citizenship. Some police departments say that the law would make it difficult to solve crimes because the moment you stop people and question them, this would not go down well with the immigrants and some of them will refuse to cooperate in solving crimes (CBS Interactive Inc, 2010). The republicans and the Democrats have found themselves in hot soup after the law was past. This is a very delicate issue which they did not want to deal with before the midterm elections of the congress because it involves a lot of emotions. The politicians are not the only ones who were affected but even students. In the University of Arizona, students started to withdraw in protest to the law and this prompted its president to write a letter to the school since it had lost so many students. The parents of these students had decided to send them to schools in other states and those who wanted admission to the school withdrew their applications (Binckes, 2010). Republicans have a reason to worry because it seems the Latinos will be in favor of democrats (Sharp, 2010). Since Arizona harbors 460,000 illegal immigrants, the law thus criminalizes their presence in the state. Another effect of the law is that day laborers will have a tough time because citizens are forbidden from employing them and anyone who is found to be ferrying illegal immigrants even if it is a member of the family, they will face the law (Goldman, 2010). Some proponents of this law have said that it is a big step in that it encourages other states and local governments to assert themselves when it comes to immigration issues. States have gotten tired of waiting for the federal government to enforce laws on immigration hence, just like other states which have enacted laws to protect their citizens, Arizona had to do it. In other words, the passing of this law is like telling the Americans to stop waiting for the feds to come to their aid when issues get out of hand. The feds were being told that the states and the local governments were not pleased by what they had to offer (Mcneill, 2010). Is the law racially motivated? Texas law maker, Debbie Riddle has disqualified those who call this law a racially motivated one and that they are up to no good for they are out to divert the attention of the citizens for personal selfish gains (Friedman, 2010). Hillary Clinton, the secretary of state thinks otherwise. She says that the law encourages racial profiling and that the state has overstepped its mandate by trying to impose its laws on people. She says that, racism comes in when the police will be questioning people based on their accents (Political News, 2010). Immigrants’ rights project’s director Mr. Lucas Guttentag says that the law will lead to an increased racial discrimination and profiling of anyone who looks like an immigrant. A former attorney general of Arizona Mr. Grant Woods, said that this law would make people be subjected to profiling because of their color but Mr. Kobach, a law professor disagrees with these two by saying that there is no such provision in the law because the police have been told clearly in the law that they should not base their suspicions solely on race. However, the use of the word solely here has been regarded by some lawyers as giving authority to discriminate or do profiling based on race with the condition that the government is not 100% motivated racially (Schwartz Archibold, 2010). Sean Hannity and his fox news colleague Sarah Palin have revoked the claim that the law would lead to racism even though the law allows the police to consider race in their profiling. For Hannity, he says that the law does not encourage profiling but it actually forbids it. Palin on her part says that there is no opportunity in the law for racial profiling and that lame media should be ashamed for terming the law what it is not; this also applies to the Obama administration since they hold the same views. She is also supported by Mr. Kobach on this view. The law forces the police to make contacts with the federal government to check the status of the immigrants whether they are in the country legally or illegally and this actually reduces racial profiling (Media Matters for America, 2010). The law states that when a person is arrested, his status is checked before he is released. The problem that brings these views’ diversities in the law is that there is no agreement on what is meant by racial profiling. Some say it is when one relies on race and others say when one solely relies on race. The former is the broad meaning and the latter is the narrow meaning. The narrow meaning is not accepted by the Union of American civil liberty because it does not include other racial profiling which is still going on in the country (Media Matters for America, 2010). Some argue that, if the law is allowed to be effective, American would be making a very huge mistake that they will regret for a very long time. The draconian law as it is called by some people is a racial profiling sponsored by the government. The Arizona governor is said to contradict herself especially when it comes to the topic on profiling and some have asked the question whether racial profiling should be ruled out when race combined with other factor, are considered to determine suspicion. So, does it mean that racial profiling refers to only those situations when race is the only factor considered in determining a reasonable suspicion? (Bonner, 2010) In conclusion, from the impacts of the law it can be observed that the law will not only affect the illegal immigrants from Mexico but also anyone who is an alien in America including Africans who find themselves in Arizona. The debate is still on, on whether the law is actually racially motivated or not. The Arizona’s governor has made futile attempts to persuade the Americans that the law is actually constitutional but so many people have vowed to challenge the law in court or try to block its implementation. The courts are the ones which will determine whether the law is racially motivated or not. The question that most Americans are still asking themselves is how does an illegal immigrant look like?

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Debate Over the Legal Drinking Age Essay -- Alcohol Essays Research Pa

The Debate Over the Legal Drinking Age College life is filled with changes. It is filled with many new experiences. As college students, we are on our own, adults. As adults we are responsible for keeping up to date on information that affects us. One issue that affects college students nation wide is drinking. The current legal drinking age in the United States is twenty-one years of age. The Federal government raised the legal drinking age from 18 to 21 in 1984. Even with the current drinking age at twenty-one, many people under that age choose to drink anyway. In fact, a government survey from 1996 showed that 56% of high school seniors reported drinking in the last 30 days (Hanson). With so many underage drinkers, many people believe that the drinking age should be lowered, stating that people are going to drink, regardless of the legal age. Still others see the high number of underage drinkers as a sign that the legal age needs to stay where it is and stricter laws need to be implemented. With the extremely high numb er of underage drinking, we can assume that the current drinking age is relatively ineffective, and therefore we must ask ourselves: should the drinking age be lowered, or should we revise policies to make the current age more effective? It is important to view all sides of the issue before deciding which side to be on. We must look responsibly at the issue instead of saying that the drinking age should be lowered, simply because we are under 21. The current drinking age has many debatable sides, or approaches which need to be examined. Those approaches include lowering the drinking age because the current policies don?t work, lowering the drinking age because it would lead to more responsible drinking, kee... ...drinking age should be lowered: An opinion based upon research. 1998. Oct 13 2002. <www.indiana.edu/engs/articles/cqoped.html>. Hanson, D. J. .. Youth Alcohol Policy. 1997. Oct 13, 2002. <http://www.2potsdam.edu/alcohol-info/InMyOpinion/YouthPolicy.html>. Kirby, Robert. "Study Confirms Parents' Suspicions: Teens Have as Much Sense as a Rock." The Salt Lake Tribune 1 August 2002: E1. McArdle, Paul J.. "A Lower Drinking Age Wouldn't Lead to Responsible Alcohol Use" Letter. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 893 words, 9 June 2002: A6. Pickerington, Matthew G.. "A Lower Drinking age Would Quiet the Riots" Letter. The Columbus Dispatch 296 words, 14 May 2002: 10A. Stoner, Noah. "Dangers Abound with a Lower Drinking Age." Intelligencer Journal 19 January 2002: A-4 . Wilson, Greg . "Pol Says Drop Age, Educate Kids." Daily News (New York) 15 July 2002: 1.